Temple of Heaven Park: A UNESCO World Heritage Site in Beijing

Temple of Heaven Park: A Historic Symbol of Ancient Chinese Rituals and Architecture

Temple of Heaven Park (Tian Tan Park), originally named “Tiandi Tan” (Altar of Heaven and Earth), is located at No. 7, East Tiantan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing. It was established in the 18th year of the Yongle reign (1420) during the Ming Dynasty. In 1530, it was renamed “Temple of Heaven” under the Jiajing Emperor. The park was historically the site where Ming and Qing emperors performed rituals to pray for good harvests and to offer sacrifices to heaven. Covering an area of 273 hectares, it is the largest and most complete ancient sacrificial complex in China. In 1918, it was opened to the public as the Temple of Heaven Park.

Temple of Heaven Park Layout
The park is enclosed by two walls, dividing it into the Inner Altar (Nei Tan) and the Outer Altar (Wai Tan). The layout represents the Chinese cosmological belief of “Heaven is round and Earth is square,” with the northern section representing heaven (circular) and the southern section representing Earth (square). The park is home to key historical buildings such as the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests, Round Altar, the Imperial Vault of Heaven, and the Echo Wall. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, located in the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests, is one of the most iconic structures in Beijing. The park is also famous for its ancient cypress trees.

Historical Significance and Renovations

Ancient History: The Temple of Heaven was originally constructed in 1420, and in 1530, during the Ming Dynasty, it was expanded and renamed to reflect the practice of worshipping heaven separately from earth. Over the years, the park underwent multiple reconstructions, including the reconstruction of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in 1890 after it was struck by lightning.

Modern Era: In the early 20th century, during the Republic of China, the park was opened to the public on January 1, 1918. During the Japanese occupation, parts of the park were damaged. In 1951, it was designated as a “cultural park” and became a center for preserving traditional Chinese architecture.

Current Status: Today, Temple of Heaven Park is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a popular tourist destination, receiving millions of visitors annually. It is not only an important site for cultural heritage but also serves as a beautiful park with ancient trees and serene surroundings.

Key Buildings and Features

Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests: A symbol of Beijing, this circular hall is made with blue glazed tiles and is surrounded by a significant wooden structure.

Round Altar: This site, used for major sacrificial ceremonies, is located in the southern part of the Inner Altar. The altar represents the emperor’s relationship with heaven.

Imperial Vault of Heaven: Known for its Echo Wall, the Vault is a marvel of acoustics and architecture.

Ancient Cypress Trees: The park is home to over 3,500 ancient cypress and pine trees, with some over 500 years old. These trees contribute to the sacred and tranquil atmosphere of the park.

Location: East Tiantan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing

Opening Hours: 06:30 AM – 10:00 PM (off-season: latest entry at 09:00 PM)

Ticket Price: 10 yuan (low season)